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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(12): 1090-1099, Dec. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896334

ABSTRACT

Summary Previous studies have demonstrated the expression of the CD25 marker on the surface of naturally occurring T cells (Tregs) of mice, which have a self-reactive cellular profile. Recently, expression of other markers that aid in the identification of these cells has been detected in lymphocyte subtypes of individuals suffering of autoimmune and idiopathic diseases, including: CD25, CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10), opening new perspectives for a better understanding of an association between such receptors present on the cell surface and the prognosis of autoimmune diseases. The role of these molecules has already been described in the literature for the modulation of the inflammatory response in infectious and parasitic diseases. Thus, the function, phenotype and frequency of expression of the a-chain receptor of IL-2 (CD25) and IL-10 in lymphocyte subtypes were investigated. Murine models have been used to demonstrate a possible correlation between the expression of the CD25 marker (on the surface of CD4 lymphocytes) and the control of self-tolerance mechanisms. These studies provided support for the presentation of a review of the role of cells expressing IL-2, IL-10, HLA-DR and CTLA-4 receptors in the monitoring of immunosuppression in diseases classified as autoimmune, providing perspectives for understanding peripheral regulation mechanisms and the pathophysiology of these diseases in humans. In addition, a therapeutic approach based on the manipulation of the phenotype of these cells and ways of scintigraphically monitoring the manifestations of these diseases by labeling their receptors is discussed as a perspective. In this paper, we have included the description of experiments in ex vivo regulation of IL-10 and synthesis of thio-sugars and poly-sugars to produce radiopharmaceuticals for monitoring inflammation. These experiments may yield benefits for the treatment and prognosis of autoimmune diseases.


Resumo Estudos anteriores já haviam demonstrado a expressão do marcador CD25 na superfície de células T de ocorrência natural (Tregs) de camundongos, que apresentam perfil celular autorreativo. Recentemente, foi detectada, em subtipos de linfócitos de indivíduos acometidos por doenças autoimunes e de causa idiopática, a expressão de outros marcadores, que auxiliam na identificação dessas células, entre os quais: CD25, CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), HLA-DR (human leucocyte antigen) e Interleucina 10 (IL-10), abrindo novas perspectivas para a melhor compreensão de uma associação entre esses receptores presentes na superfície celular e o prognóstico de doenças autoimunes. O papel dessas moléculas já havia sido descrito na literatura na modulação da resposta inflamatória em doenças infectoparasitárias. Dessa forma, foram investigados a função, o fenótipo e a frequência de expressão, do receptor de cadeia a da IL-2 (CD25) e de IL-10 em subtipos de linfócitos. O modelo murino tem sido utilizado para demonstrar uma possível correlação entre a expressão do marcador CD25 (na superfície de linfócitos CD4) e o controle dos mecanismos de autotolerância. Essas pesquisas forneceram suporte para apresentação de uma revisão sobre o papel das células que expressam os receptores de IL-2, IL-10, HLA-DR e CTLA-4 no monitoramento da imunossupressão, em doenças de classificação autoimune, abrindo perspectivas para o entendimento dos mecanismos de regulação periférica e sobre a fisiopatologia dessas doenças no ser humano. Além disso, é discutida como perspectiva uma abordagem terapêutica fundamentada na manipulação do fenótipo dessas células, bem como de modos de monitoramento cintilográfico das manifestações dessas doenças, por meio da marcação de seus receptores. Nestes, foram incluídas descrições das experiências em regulação ex-vivo de IL-10; de síntese de tioaçúcares e de poliaçúcares para produção de radiofármacos para monitoramento de inflamações. Essas experiências podem trazer benefícios na terapia e no prognóstico de doenças autoimunes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Autoimmunity/physiology , Interleukin-10/physiology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology , Prognosis , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , HLA-DR Antigens , Radionuclide Imaging , CD4 Antigens/immunology , Interleukin-10/immunology , Models, Animal , Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology , CTLA-4 Antigen , Immune Tolerance , Mice
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(2): e5637, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839249

ABSTRACT

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Abnormal effector T cell activation is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of ITP. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have a strong immunosuppressive function for T cell activation and their importance in the pathophysiology and clinical treatment of ITP has been confirmed. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are other immunosuppressive cells, which can also suppress T cell activation by secreting arginase, iNOS and ROS, and are essential for Treg cells’ differentiation and maturation. Therefore, we speculate that MDSCs might also be involved in the immune-dysregulation mechanism of ITP. In this study, we tested MDSCs and Treg cells in peripheral blood samples of twenty-five ITP patients and ten healthy donors. We found that MDSCs and Treg cells decreased simultaneously in active ITP patients. Relapsed ITP patients showed lower MDSCs levels compared with new patients. All patients received immunosuppressive treatment including dexamethasone alone or in combination with intravenous immune globulin. We found that MDSCs’ level after treatment correlated with platelet recovery. Our study is the first that focused on MDSCs’ role in ITP. Based on our results, we concluded that circulating MDSCs could predict disease activity and treatment response in ITP patients. This preliminary conclusion indicates a substantial significance of MDSCs in the pathophysiology and clinical treatment of ITP, which deserves further investigation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Lymphocyte Activation , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/physiopathology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
3.
Biol. Res ; 50: 40, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950887

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) is an apoptosis-related gene cloned from TF-1 cells whose primary biological functions are to promote apoptosis and immune regulation. The effects and mechanisms exerted by key mediators of arthritic inflammation remain unclear in PDCD5 transgenic (PDCD5 tg) mice. RESULTS: In the current study, PDCD5 tg mice inhibited the progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis, specifically decreasing clinical signs and histological damage, compared with arthritis control mice. Additionally, the ratio of CD4+IFN-γ+ cells (Th1) and CD4+IL-17A+ cells (Th17), as well as the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A and TNF-α, were decreased in PDCD5 tg mice, while CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. Furthermore, PDCD5 tg mice demonstrated reduced serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A and TNF-α and increased levels of IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data, PDCD5 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modifying the T lymphocytes balance, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, validating PDCD5 protein as a possible treatment for RA.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/physiology , Neoplasm Proteins/physiology , Arthritis, Experimental/immunology , Mice, Transgenic , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
4.
Bauru; s.n; 2016. 112 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-881928

ABSTRACT

A patogênese das lesões periapicais é determinada pelo equilíbrio entre a resposta imune pró-inflamatória do hospedeiro e a resposta anti-inflamatória/reparo. Diferentes subtipos de linfócitos e seus produtos têm sido implicados na patogênese dessas lesões, tais como as células T reguladoras (Tregs) e Th17. Enquanto as Tregs parecem ser potenciais agentes imuno-reguladores, Th17 parece estar associada à maior severidade da doença. Neste estudo, foram investigados o envolvimento de Tregs e Th17, além do impacto de diferentes terapias na progressão de lesões periapicais experimentais. Para isso, lesões periapicais foram induzidas (exposição pulpar e inoculação bacteriana) em camundongos C57BL/6, IL- 17KO e CCR4KO tratados com anticorpos anti-GITR (inibe a função de Treg) ou com CCL22p, partículas de ácido poliláctico-glicólico (induz a migração de Tregs). Além disso, os camundongos WT foram tratados com anti-RANKL utilizando protocolos contínuos ou intermitentes, ou com anti-TNF como controle. Posteriormente, analisou-se o fluxo e fenótipo de Tregs e Th17, perda óssea periapical e expressão de citocinas inflamatórias/imunológicas e marcadores de reparo (RealTimePCRarray, ELISA). A inibição de Tregs (depleção de CCR4 ou terapia anti-GITR), aumentou significantemente a severidade da lesão, associada com o aumento da expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, Th1, Th17 e mediadores de destruição tecidual em paralelo com a diminuição dos marcadores de Treg e de reparo. A liberação local de CCL22 no canal radicular resultou na migração de Treg, dependente de CCR4, levando à modulação da lesão periapical, associada com a diminuição da expressão de marcadores pró-inflamatórios e de destruição tecidual em paralelo com o aumento dos marcadores de Tregs e de reparo. O tratamento anti-RANKL impediu o desenvolvimento da lesão, mas provocou uma resposta inflamatória contínua caracterizada pela elevada expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e mediadores de destruição tecidual e diminuição da expressão dos marcadores de Tregs e de reparo. Este tratamento levou à recidiva da lesão e foi associado com o aumento da razão células TCD4 efetoras/supressoras e com o perfil de expressão gênica de lesões ativas. O tratamento anti-TNF limitou a progressão das lesões e não promoveu sua recidiva após o término da terapia, estando associado à resposta do hospedeiro atenuada. Por fim, a ausência de IL-17 resultou em lesões menos severas, associadas com o aumento da expressão de marcadores de reparo e citocinas anti-inflamatórias, em paralelo com a menor expressão de marcadores de destruição tecidual e citocinas pró-inflamatórias. De fato, observou-se menor concentração de osteoclastos, neutrófilos e células inflamatórias, na ausência de IL-17. Conclui-se, portanto, que as células T reguladoras são essenciais no controle da lesão periapical, enquanto as células Th17 acentuam a severidade dessas lesões. Comparando com outras estratégias clínicas, tais como a terapia anti-RANKL que perpetua a resposta inflamatória do hospedeiro levando a recidiva da lesão, a quimioatração de Treg bem como a inibição de Th17 podem ser estratégias promissoras para o manejo clínico das lesões periapicais.(AU)


The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is determined by the balance between host proinflammatory immune response and counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses. In this context, different subtypes of lymphocytes and their products have been implicated in periapical lesion pathogenesis, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17. While Tregs has been demonstrated as potential immunoregulatory agents, Th17 has been correlated with greater severity of disease. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the involvement of Tregs and Th17, besides the impact of different therapies in the progression of experimental periapical lesions. With this aim, periapical lesions were induced (pulp exposure and bacterial inoculation) in C57Bl/6 (wild-type), IL-17KO and CCR4KO mice and treated with anti­glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene (anti-GITR) to inhibit Treg function or alternatively with CCL22-releasing, poly lactic-glycolic acid particles to induce site-specific migration of Tregs. Furthermore, WT mice were treated with anti-RANKL using continuous or intermittent protocols, and with anti-TNF therapy as a control. After treatment, lesions were analyzed for Treg or Th17 influx and phenotype, overall periapical bone loss, and inflammatory/immunologic and wound healing marker expression (RealTimePCRarray, ELISA). Treg inhibition by anti-GITR or CCR4 depletion results in a significant increase in periapical lesion severity, associated with upregulation of proinflammatory, Th1, Th17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with decreased Treg and healing marker expression. The local release of CCL22 in the root canal system resulted in the promotion of Treg migration in a CCR4-dependent manner, leading to the arrest of periapical lesion progression, associated with down regulation of proinflammatory and tissue destruction markers in parallel with increased Treg and healing marker expression. Anti-RANKL treatment arrested lesion development, but prompted a continuous inflammatory response characterized by unremitting elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue destructive mediators, and decreased expression of Tregs and wound healing markers levels. This treatment triggered lesion development relapse and was associated with high TCD4 effector/suppressor cells ratio and active lesions gene expression signature. Anti-TNF treatment limits lesions progression and does not drives lesions relapse upon cessation, being associated with attenuated host response. Finally, the absence of IL-17 results in a significant decrease in periapical lesions severity, associated with upregulation of healing markers and antiinflammatory cytokines, in parallel with decreased expression of tissue destruction markers and proinflammatory cytokines. Indeed, histomorphometric analysis showed lower concentration of osteoclasts, neutrophils and mononuclear cells in periapical lesions without IL-17. Therefore, we concluded that regulatory T cells are essential in the control of apical periodontitis, while Th17 cells accentuate the lesions severity. Compared with other clinical strategies, such as anti-RANKL therapy, which perpetuates the host inflammatory response prompting lesion relapse, chemoattraction of Treg as well as inhibition of Th17 may be promising strategies for the clinical management of periapical lesions.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Immunomodulation/physiology , Periapical Diseases/pathology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology , Th17 Cells/physiology , Disease Progression , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Periapical Diseases/immunology , RANK Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology , Th17 Cells/pathology , Time Factors
5.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 83(1): 45-54, ene.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-685353

ABSTRACT

La exposición al humo del tabaco induce inflamación de las vías aéreas y es el principal factor de riesgo para desarrollar la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). En este proceso inflamatorio participan varias poblaciones celulares. Algunas fallas en la modulación de la respuesta inflamatoria han sido aceptadas como un factor para el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Las células T reguladoras (Treg) son un tipo de linfocitos T CD4+ que modulan la respuesta inmune mediante contacto directo con las células efectoras, así como por la secreción de citocinas inmunorreguladoras. El papel de las células Treg en la EPOC no se encuentra completamente comprendido, por lo cual es importante evaluar su participación en la inmunopatogénesis de la enfermedad. Con el objetivo de elaborar una revisión sistemática de artículos originales que nos permitiera describir las células Treg (su origen, características y mecanismos de acción) y su participación en la EPOC, realizamos una búsqueda intencionada en las siguientes bases electrónicas: MEDLINE, AMED, PubMed y Scielo; para ello usamos la combinación de las siguientes palabras clave: <

Exposition to tobacco smoke has been established as the main risk factor to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by inducing inflammation of the airways. Several cell populations participate in this inflammatory process. It has been accepted that a maladaptive modulation of inflammatory responses plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subset of T CD4+ lymphocytes that modulate the immune response through secretion of cytokines. The role of the Treg cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not clearly known, that is why it is important to focus in understanding their participation in the pathogenesis of the disease. To elaborate a systematic review of original articles in which we could describe Treg cells (their ontogeny, mechanisms of action) and their role in COPD, we made a systematic literature search in some data bases (MEDLINE, AMED, PubMed and Scielo) looking through the next keywords: ''COPD and Regulatory T cells/EPOC y células T reguladoras'', <

Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 49(3): 213-5, mayo-jun. 1989.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-86671

ABSTRACT

Son varios los trabajos que tratan de demostrar que en la formal lepromatosa (LL) de la lepra, existirían mecanismos supresores de la respuesta inmune. Al emplear un método de inducción inespecífico, como el sistema de la Concavalina A (ConA), observamos que los pacientes LL tenían disminuida la función supresora, valorada sobre un sistema de proliferación celular T; dicha función tendía a normalizarse durante el episodio de eritema nudoso lepromatoso (ENL). En este sistema demonstramos además, que las células CD8+ (Leu 2a+) eram capaces de interferir en la generación de supresión. Observamos además, que un alto porcentaje de pacientes LL tenían una supresión espontánea elevada; en este tipo de supresión hallados. Por otra parte, hemos demostrado que en este sistema tendría un papel importante el sistema supresor de los monocitos, a través de la liberación de factores solubles (PGE2). Al evaluar la capacidad que tiene el M. leprae para inducir especificamente supresión in vitro la proliferación célular T, hallamos que en los pacientes LL el M. leprae no inducía supresión. Paralelamente, determinamos en sangre periférica, el número de células que tenían el antígeno Leu8+. Observamos que este antígeno estaba marcadamente disminuido, en la fracción de células T, en los pacientes LL y tendía a normalizarse durante el receptores para IL-2 (Tac) durante la etapa de inducción era similar tanto en los TT com LL. La capacidad de las células para proliferar frente a los mitógenos empleados...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Concanavalin A/pharmacology , Immune Tolerance , Leprosy, Lepromatous/immunology , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
7.
Rev. bras. genét ; 9(2): 245-59, jun. 1986. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-37369

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho descreve a investigaçäo do mecanismo através do qual é exercido o controle genético näo ligado ao complexo de histocompatibilidade principal (MHC) sobre a magnitude da resposta imunológica contra o antígeno F em camundongos. Animais da linhagem B10.A, que normalmente apresentam pequena produçäo de anticorpos ant-F, mostraram um aumento no nível da resposta contra este antígeno quando duas modificaçöes nas condiçöes de imunizaçäo foram introduzidas: (a) o uso de alum + Bordetella pertussis em lugar de Freund's adjuvante; (b) injeçäo do antígeno nas patas trazeiras ao invés de intraperitonealmente. Experimentos envolvendo a transferência de linfócitos entre animais produzindo alta ou baixa quantidade de anticorpos ant-F mostraram presença de células T supressoras na linhagem B10.A e em híbridos entre CBA e DBA/2, cuja resposta contra o antígeno F é baixa. Estes resultados indicam que os genes näo ligados ao MHC, responsáveis pelo controle da magnitude da resposta ant-F, atuam através da regulaçäo da diferenciaçäo ou expressäo de células T supressoras


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Genes, MHC Class II , Major Histocompatibility Complex , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
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